When a Party is obligated to submit a hardcopy to the Provider, this obligation can also be satisfied when the Party uses advanced electronic signatures1 based on a qualified certificate2 and created by a secure signature-creation device (SSCD) for the purposes of signing and filing the respective documents via the on-line platform of the Provider. The Provider may include additional conditions for the use of electronic signatures during ADR Proceedings in Annex C of the ADR Supplemental Rules (Communication Instructions).
http://www.ibls.com/internet_law_news_portal_view.aspx?s=sa&id=1232
http://www.ibls.com/internet_law_news_portal_view.aspx?s=latestnews&id=2035
New York appellate court has ruled that e-mails were signed writings that modify contracts, in a April 1, 2008 ruling. The case was filed in October 1999, and related to the claim of breach-of-contract. The court wrote, "The e-mails from plaintiff constitute "signed writings" within the meaning of the statute of frauds, since plaintiff's name at the end of his e-mail signified his intent to authenticate the contents (see Rosenfeld v Zerneck, 4 Misc 3d 193 [2004]). Similarly, Bloom's name at the end of his e-mail constituted a "signed writing" and satisfied the requirement of § 13(d) of the employment agreement that any modification be signed by all parties."
http://www.ibls.com/internet_law_news_portal_view.aspx?s=latestnews&id=2032
The European Directive 1999/93/EC of December 13, 1999 on the Community Framework for Electronic Signatures has been implemented under Czech law by the Act No. 227 of 29 June 2000 on Electronic Signature that came into force as of October 1, 2000 (the “Electronic Signature Act.”) This law provides that electronic signatures have the same probative value as handwritten signature provided that they are secure. These regulations also regulate the activity of Certification Service Providers (“CSPs.”)
The European Directive of December 13, 1999 on Electronic Signature has been implemented in the Czech Republic through the adoption of the Electronic Signature Act. This Law provides for the legal validity and admissibility of electronic signatures. This Act amends Article 40 of the Civil Code and adds to this Article that “if a legal act is carried out by electronic means, it may be signed electronically pursuant to statutory provisions.” The most significant impact of this Act is that contracts may now be concluded without paper and without physical meeting of the parties over the Internet. This should facilitate e-commerce in the Czech Republic, as in many cases under Czech law a contract was not valid unless it was in writing.
The country of Iran, with 70 million resident is a place with a strong education history and boasts a notable cultural heritage. This is in stark contrast to recent images of the fundamentalism the religious establishment has imposed since the Shah was toppled in the late 1970's. There is no particular freedom of speech in Iran, and the country is regarded as having one of the most repressive press monitoring bureaus in the world. This essay details the law of the Internet in this oil-rich, mountainous state that was until modern times known as Persia.
These questions will be answered: Is the Internet Legal in Iran?, What Law Governs the Internet in Iran?, What About Opening a Blog & Blogger's Rights?, What Laws or Bodies Govern Internet Crimes in Iran?, and What Punishments are Listed for Breaking the Cyber Crimes Law?
http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=26322&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
